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The Accusative Case in German: Rules and Examples

Accusative case in German featured image: a boy throwing a red ball to a jumping dog, labelled Der Junge wirft den Ball

A1–A2 Grammar

The accusative case in German (der Akkusativ) is the first case most learners need after the nominative, and luckily it’s the easiest one. It marks the direct object, the thing you see, buy, have or need, and it changes only a few words: mainly der becomes den, ein becomes einen. In this lesson you’ll learn what the accusative does, the article and pronoun changes, the special n-nouns, the accusative prepositions, the verbs and time expressions that use it, and why Guten Morgen is secretly accusative. Exercises are included.

Quick answer

The accusative marks the direct object of a verb: the person or thing that the action is done to (Ich sehe den Hund – I see the dog). It also follows the prepositions durch, für, gegen, ohne, um and two-way prepositions that show movement. Only the masculine article changes: der → den, ein → einen, kein → keinen. Feminine, neuter and plural stay the same as the nominative.

This lesson is part of our German grammar guide. For the big picture of all four cases, see German cases explained.

What the Accusative Does

Every sentence has a subject (nominative) who does something. Many verbs also have a direct object: the person or thing that directly receives the action. That direct object goes in the accusative.

To find it, ask Wen? (Whom?) for people and Was? (What?) for things:

Ich kaufe einen Tisch.I’m buying a table. (Was kaufe ich? – einen Tisch)

Wir besuchen den Großvater.We’re visiting the grandfather. (Wen besuchen wir? – den Großvater)

Sie liebt ihren Hund.She loves her dog.

Because the accusative is marked on the article, German can move the object to the front for emphasis without confusing anyone: Den Kuchen habe ich gebacken! (I baked the cake!)

Article Changes

Only the masculine changes: der to den, ein to einen, kein to keinen, die, das and plural stay the same
Only the masculine changes. Example: Ich kaufe den Apfel.

Only masculine nouns change.

MasculineFeminineNeuterPlural
Nominativeder / ein / keindie / eine / keinedas / ein / keindie / – / keine
Accusativeden / einen / keinendie / eine / keinedas / ein / keindie / – / keine

The same -en ending appears on possessives (meinen, deinen, seinen, unseren) and on words like diesen (this) and jeden (every):

Hast du meinen Schlüssel gesehen?Have you seen my key?

Ich nehme diesen Pullover.I’ll take this sweater.

Adjectives before a masculine noun also end in -en: Ich habe einen neuen Laptop. For every case at once, use our German articles chart.

The one-question shortcut: When you’re about to say a masculine noun after a verb like haben, brauchen or kaufen, ask yourself: “Is it the object?” If yes, switch to den/einen. That single check fixes the most common accusative error.

Pronouns in the accusative

NominativeAccusativeExample
ichmichEr kennt mich. (He knows me.)
dudichIch liebe dich. (I love you.)
erihnWir sehen ihn. (We see him.)
siesieIch frage sie. (I’ll ask her.)
esesIch kaufe es. (I’ll buy it.)
wirunsSie besucht uns. (She’s visiting us.)
ihreuchIch höre euch. (I hear you all.)
sie / Siesie / SieIch rufe Sie an. (I’ll call you.)

Notice that er → ihn follows the same masculine pattern as der → den. More in German personal pronouns.

n-nouns (weak nouns)

A small group of masculine nouns also add -n or -en to the noun itself in the accusative (and dative and genitive). Many are people or animals:

NominativeAccusative
der Studentden Studenten
der Kollegeden Kollegen
der Jungeden Jungen
der Herrden Herrn
der Menschden Menschen
der Nameden Namen

Kennst du den neuen Kollegen?Do you know the new colleague?

Accusative Prepositions

Always accusative: durch · für · gegen, ohne · um, Das ist für den Mann.
Always accusative. Example: Ich gehe durch den Park.

These prepositions are always followed by the accusative. Remember them with DOGFU:

PrepositionMeaningExample
durchthroughWir gehen durch den Wald.
ohnewithoutIch gehe nicht ohne meinen Hund.
gegenagainstEr spielt gegen seinen Bruder.
fürforDas Geschenk ist für dich.
umaround, at (time)Wir sitzen um den Tisch.

Bis (until) and entlang (along) also take the accusative. And the nine two-way prepositions (an, auf, hinter, in, neben, über, unter, vor, zwischen) take the accusative when they show movement towards a destination (Wohin?): Ich lege das Buch auf den Tisch. For the full list by case, see German prepositions.

Don’t use the accusative after sein

Sein (to be) connects two nominatives, so there’s no direct object: Das ist der Lehrer, not Das ist den Lehrer. The same applies to werden and bleiben.

Verbs That Take Accusative

Most German verbs with an object take the accusative. Here are the ones you’ll use daily:

VerbExample
haben (to have)Ich habe einen Bruder.
brauchen (to need)Wir brauchen einen Arzt.
kaufen (to buy)Sie kauft einen Mantel.
sehen (to see)Siehst du den Bus?
möchten (would like)Ich möchte einen Kaffee.
finden (to find)Ich finde den Film gut.
besuchen (to visit)Er besucht seinen Onkel.
fragen (to ask)Frag den Lehrer!
es gibt (there is/are)Es gibt einen Park hier.

That last one surprises learners: es gibt always takes the accusative, so it’s Es gibt einen Supermarkt, not ein Supermarkt.

Some verbs take two objects: a person in the dative and a thing in the accusative: Ich gebe dem Kind (dative) den Ball (accusative). A few common verbs, such as helfen, danken and gefallen, take the dative instead, so it’s Ich helfe dem Mann.

Time expressions and greetings

Time expressions without a preposition use the accusative:

Ich jogge jeden Morgen.I jog every morning.

Nächsten Monat fliegen wir nach Wien.Next month we’re flying to Vienna.

Sie hat den ganzen Tag gearbeitet.She worked all day.

Even greetings like Guten Morgen, Guten Tag and Guten Abend are accusative too. They’re short for Ich wünsche dir einen guten Morgen (I wish you a good morning). That’s why it’s guten, not guter. Read more about the phrase in Guten Tag meaning.

Why the accusative is a good place to start

The accusative changes just one gender (masculine), so it’s the good first case to practise: lots of payoff for very little new material. Master den/einen and mich/dich/ihn first, and the dative will feel much less intimidating when you get there.

Exercises

Fill in the correct form. Click to check.

1. Ich sehe ___ Mann. (der)

den

2. Wir haben ___ Hund. (ein)

einen

3. Sie kauft ___ Lampe. (eine)

eine (feminine doesn’t change)

4. Das Geschenk ist für ___. (er)

ihn

5. Es gibt hier ___ Bahnhof. (kein)

keinen

6. Kennst du ___ Studenten? (der)

den (and the noun adds -en: den Studenten)

7. Wir gehen durch ___ Park. (der)

den (durch + accusative)

FAQs

What is the accusative case in German?

The case of the direct object: the person or thing an action is done to. It’s also used after certain prepositions and in many time expressions.

How do the articles change in the accusative?

Only masculine ones: der becomes den, ein becomes einen and kein becomes keinen. Feminine, neuter and plural stay the same.

Which prepositions take the accusative in German?

durch, für, gegen, ohne and um (plus bis and entlang). Two-way prepositions take the accusative when showing movement to a place.

What are the accusative articles in German?

den, die, das, die (definite) and einen, eine, ein (indefinite).

Why is it “Guten Morgen” and not “Guter Morgen”?

Because it’s short for Ich wünsche dir einen guten Morgen, where guten Morgen is the accusative object.

Conclusion

The accusative case in German marks the direct object, follows durch, für, gegen, ohne, um, and appears in time expressions like jeden Tag. Only masculine words change: den, einen, keinen, meinen, ihn, plus -en on n-nouns. Get those forms automatic, and you’ve covered the most frequent case change in German. Next, tackle the case of the indirect object: the dative.

Sources and further reading: Duden, DWDS and the Goethe-Institut A1 grammar resources.

Keep learning → Modal verbs in German: können, müssen, wollen and more

Written by Nemai

Founder of German Simplified, master’s in psychology, MCA student. I write German lessons built around how memory actually works. About me · How we check our content

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